{"id":7938,"date":"2023-09-28T16:59:37","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T14:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.novatest.it\/risorse\/monitoraggio-strutturale\/"},"modified":"2023-09-29T10:57:45","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T08:57:45","slug":"monitoraggio-strutturale","status":"publish","type":"risorse","link":"https:\/\/www.novatest.it\/en\/risorse\/monitoraggio-strutturale\/","title":{"rendered":"Structural Monitoring"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Structural Health Monitoring, what is it?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Infrastructure, over their lifespan and operational period, undergo degradation<\/strong> due to the natural aging of their constituent materials <\/strong>and exposure to natural phenomena<\/strong> such as earthquakes, strong winds, and other extraordinary weather events. Because they are subject to degradation, they must undergo regular monitoring <\/strong>in order to maintain their original safety requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The value of safety<\/strong> has taken on decisive importance in engineering culture over the last decades, which is why risk must be managed in all phases of a structure’s life cycle<\/strong>, from design to construction, and from construction to ongoing maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Structural monitoring, or Structural Health Monitoring, is the activity of controlling, verifying, and evaluating the structural behavior of a construction.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today’s increasingly advanced technologies allow for the measurement of structural effects such as rotations, displacements, and cracks, as well as variations caused by natural events like wind, earthquakes, or ground settlement, as well as by human activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The advantage of continuous monitoring is precisely the ability to timely detect any defects or anomalies that may affect the behavior of an infrastructure and to intervene promptly<\/strong> in order to restore the necessary safety requirements and extend the lifespan<\/strong> of the structure itself.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Static and dynamic structural monitoring<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Structural monitoring can be either static or dynamic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Static monitoring<\/strong> measures displacements and rotations, while dynamic monitoring <\/strong>measures natural (wind, traffic) or induced vibrations and monitors the effects of these vibrations on the structures. The acquisition of information about the structural behavior of a construction subjected to natural or induced excitations is referred to as dynamic characterization<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In structural monitoring, both instruments that allow for measurements to be manually taken <\/strong>by a professional technician and sensors for automatic surveying <\/strong>are used. These sensors convert parameters like temperature, length, and inclination into electrical signals, which are then sent to a data acquisition unit (data logger) for storage and processing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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SISTEMA DI ACQUISIZIONE DATI NB-IOT WSN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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What are the components of a monitoring system?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A monitoring system<\/strong> consists of sensors<\/strong>, a data acquisition and collection system<\/strong>, and software<\/strong> that processes the acquired and collected data to provide the professional with the necessary information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sensors are installed directly on the structure under examination and measure displacements<\/strong>, accelerations, and rotations<\/strong>. Some of these devices are capable of measuring other environmental parameters such as internal and external temperature, humidity, and wind speed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The sensors are connected via cables or wirelessly to a data acquisition and collection system. The data provided by the sensors is stored and transmitted to a remote device, such as a PC, for analysis and interpretation using management software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Structural inspection and visual inspection<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before proceeding with the installation of the monitoring system, it is necessary to establish the condition of the structure<\/strong>. Various techniques are employed for this purpose, including visual inspection<\/strong> and other non-destructive tests<\/a><\/strong>, which we will examine in detail later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visual inspection<\/strong> provides a general overview of the condition of the structure and its structural elements.<\/strong> This is achieved by verifying aspects such as coatings, concrete surfaces, the presence of fractures, deformation, exposure of reinforcement bars, moisture, dirt, and any potential leaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Acoustic emission monitoring systems use sensors that allow for the detection of fractures and their evolution. The slow growth of a defect generates low acoustic emissions, while the rapid growth of a defect generates high acoustic emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Among the non-destructive techniques employed for acquiring data on the quality and condition of a structure are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n